Freedom of speech—knowledge and strategies to address censorship in China

曾铮:论言论自由、新闻管制及中国人民的对策

在亚太地区作家网成立大会上的发言

曾铮

人气 4

【大纪元11月12日讯】在一个民主国家,讨论言论自由可能会被视为多余,因为它是一个“天赋”的权利。然而在中国,自从中共窃取政权以来,言论自由就成了一个奢侈品,新闻管制的严酷,在世界史上也可谓首屈一指。

这也许已经是一个众所周知的事实。但人们还没有意识到的是,除了新闻管制和剥夺言论自由外,中共还千方百计地破坏中国传统文化,扭曲是与非的标准,并将整部人类历史按党的要求重新编写。

一句话,在中共的统治之下,新闻管制决不仅仅只是一个新闻管制而已。通过对整部国家机器的绝对掌控,中共成功地建立了一整套“党文化”,并让许多人按党所要求的思维方式进行思维。比如,当全世界都在谴责911恐怖攻击时,中共所培养出的“愤青们”却在为之叫好。去年3月,中国最大的门户网站新浪网做了一次网上调查,问题之一是:“当战争发生时,你是否会对妇女、儿童和战俘开枪?”在31872份答卷中,有80%以上的回答了“是”。如此强烈的暴力倾向和是非标准的扭曲比单纯的管制更加可怕。通过全民洗脑和恐怖统治,中共不但让人们进行自我审查,更让人用“党的方式”进行思维。

造成这一切的原因是,中共根本就不是一个一般意义上的政党。一般的政党只是一个具有一定的政治目标和政治策略的政治性组织。但中共的控制却远远超出了政治的范围。它进入并控制了中国人民的精神领域。通过消灭所有的传统宗教,中共最终将自己塑造成了唯一的“神”。然而,经过多年的杀戮和政治运动,人们意识到了党原来不是一个永远“伟大光荣正确”的“神“。这时,他们突然发现,他们已没有什么可信仰的了,除了眼前利益之外,也没有什么人或东西可以信任。而这样的人是最容易通过一点蝇头小利便加以控制的,因为他们已经不再坚持道德标准。

因此,在中共控制下的中国,争取言论自由就首先成了一个能否获得精神上的独立的问题。如果不能从中共的精神控制和操纵中被解放出来,就永远也无法摆脱党的无所不在的管制。

这也是为什么中共会将法轮功,一种基于中国传统价值观念上的古老修炼方法当作它的假想敌的原因。通过在日常生活中修炼“真善忍”,法轮功修炼者们找到了共产主义和今日中国之唯一“信仰”-物欲主义-之外的精神信仰。

在法轮功问世的头七年中,人们通过口耳相传迅速地传播着这种功法。1999年,当前中共总书记江泽民意识到法轮功修炼者的数量已经超过中共党员之后,一场最残酷的镇压开始了。一亿之众的修炼人立刻置于必须在放弃修炼和坐牢之间做出选择的处境之中,而坐牢就意味着有可能被折磨致死。也许在此之前,法轮功修炼者从未将他们的修炼与言论自由联系在一起。现在,“讲真相”、“揭露迫害”成了他们争取信仰自由的最主要的方式。

从技术上讲,互联网是法轮功讲真相的最主要的工具,正如它也同时是中共散布其诽谤宣传的主要工具一样。通过插播中共控制的有线电视、发送电子邮件、散发印刷甚至手写的传单,法轮功学员一直在反抗着迫害和新闻管制。人们永远也不会了解,为了讲一句简单的、非政治性的真话,他们曾付出怎样的代价。例如,2002年,长春市的有线电视网络被插播50分钟的法轮功真相节目后,有5000余名法轮功学员被逮捕,8名被杀害,15名被判处4到20年的徒刑。

然而,六年过去了,法轮功依然挺立。一些民运人士不理解为什么在中国及海外,民主运动的影响力越来越弱,而法轮功却越来越强大。在我看来,原因无疑就在于中共并不完全是一个政治性组织。它的控制远远超出了这个范围。这就是为什么政治运动或政治方法从来都不能够动摇中共的根基的主要原因。

更引人注目的是发表于去年11月的九篇系列社论和由此引发的一个业已动摇中共的波澜壮阔的大众运动。由大纪元发表的《九评共产党》系列社论已经引发了超过550万民众正式声明退出中共及其相关组织。《九评共产党》系列社论在中国历史上第一次从精神层面,而非仅仅是理论层面,分析和揭示了中共的本质,因而引发了一场重大的精神觉醒。人们了解了中共的本质和真实的目标之后,采用了一切能够想到的办法去传播《九评》。这也是为什么中共要将《九评》列为第一禁书的原因。悉尼舞蹈团的成员王学军在上个月便曾因持有三本《九评共产党》而被驱逐出中国。

这是一个全新的现象,也是一个争取言论自由的最有效的方法,那就是,首先获得精神上的自由和独立。在阅读《九评》之前,许多人没有意识到,他们被中共洗脑的程度已经有多深。

中共及其控制遇到了有史以来最为严峻的挑战。一旦人们从中共的精神控制和思想毒化中清醒过来,管制和恐惧将失去效力。当越来越多的人们选择脱离中共之时,中共及中共对人们的控制可能会在一夜之间彻底崩溃;而直至那时,人们可能都还不能真正理解,这一切为什么会发生、又是怎样发生的。@

附:英文原文

In a modern democratic country, it often seems self-evident and completely unnecessary to discuss the concept of freedom of speech. It is, to all intents and purposes, a ‘natural right’ endowed by Heaven. But in China, ever since the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) came into power, freedom of speech has been regarded as a luxury, and the censorship there has been among the most severe in the history of the world.

Perhaps this is a somewhat already well-known fact, but what people might have failed to realise is that apart from censorship and the denial of the right to free speech, the CCP has tried very hard to destroy traditional Chinese culture; to distort the criteria for right and wrong, and to re-write the entire human history to meet the Party’s needs.

In a word, censorship under the rule of the CCP is not strictly censorship alone. Through tight control of the entire state apparatus, the CCP has successfully established a culture of its own, making people think in the way the Party requires them to think. For example, when the whole world was condemning the 911 terrorist attacks, many Chinese youths were applauding them. In March 2004, the largest Chinese Internet portal, SINA.com, launched an on-line survey. One of the questions was, “Would you shoot at women, children and prisoners-of-war?” More than 80 percent of the 31,872 respondents answered in the affirmative. So a strong tendency towards violence and the distortion of right and wrong are more terrifying than mere censorship. Through brainwashing and ruling with terror, the CCP has made people not only exercise self-censorship, but also to think in the “Party way”.

The reason behind all of this is that the CCP is not a party at all in the commonly understood sense. Usually a party is a political organization based on political tactics and with political aims. But the CCP’s control has far transcended the realms of politics—it has reached in and seized hold of the spiritual world of Chinese people. By eradicating all of the traditional orthodox religions in China, the CCP has ultimately established itself as the only “God”. Then, after years of killing and endless political struggles, people have come to realise that the Party is not an “ever-great, glorious and correct” God at all. At this point in time, they have made the discovery that they have nothing to put their faith in; neither have they anyone or anything to trust, apart from immediate material interest. And this kind of person is the most easy to control with a little bit of personal gain, as they no longer adhere to moral values.

Thus, in China, under the CCP’s control, dealing with the lack of free speech and censorship becomes a question of spiritual independence. If people cannot free themselves from the spiritual control and manipulation of the CCP, they can never really find a way to break free of the party’s omnipresent censorship.

This is why the focus of the CCP has fallen upon Falun Gong, an ancient qigong practice based on traditional Chinese values, as its imagined enemy. By implementing “Truthfulness, Compassion and Tolerance” in their daily lives, Falun Gong practitioners have found a spiritual alternative to communism, and the materialism which is the now the only “belief” for many Chinese.

Within the seven years during which Falun Gong was permitted and encouraged in China, people spread this practice through word of mouth. Then, in 1999, after realising that Falun Gong practitioners had grown to outnumber Party members, the then Party leader Jiang Zemin launched a most ruthless crackdown against Falun Gong. One hundred million practitioners were immediately thrown into a situation where they were made to choose between giving up the practice or going to jail, with the possibility of being tortured to death. Perhaps Falun Gong practitioners have never before made the connection between their practice and freedom of speech. However, in an effort to uphold their right to practice their own beliefs, they have taken up “telling the truth and exposing the persecution” as their main strategy.

Technically, the Internet has proven to be as potent a tool in Falun Gong truth-telling as it has been in the dissemination of CCP propaganda. By tapping into the CCP-controlled cable TV system to broadcast Falun Gong programs, through email, or even by physically distributing printed or even hand-written flyers, they are attempting to deal with the evil of the persecution and the spectre of censorship. The world will never know how much these people have given in the telling of a simple, non-political truth. For example, after a 50-minute screening of Falun Gong films was broadcast over the cable TV network in Changchun City in 2002, over 5,000 practitioners were arrested, eight were killed, and fifteen were sentenced to between four to twenty years’ imprisonment.

Yet after six years of suppression, Falun Gong continues to prevail. Some democratic activists cannot understand why the democratic movement has become less and less influential both inside and outside of China while Falun Gong has become stronger and stronger. The reason no doubt lies in the fact that the CCP is not entirely a political organisation. Its control has gone far beyond that.. This is the major reason why political movements or methods have never been able to shake its fundamental basis.

However, more notable is a series of editorials published in November last year, which has set off a resounding mass movement which threatens to topple their stronghold. The editorials, the ‘Nine Commentaries on the Chinese Communist Party’ by the Epoch Times newspaper, has brought about the phenomenon of over five million people submitting statements, officially withdrawing from the Chinese Communist Party or its affiliated organisations. The ‘Nine Commentaries on the Chinese Communist Party’ have, for the first time in the history of China, analysed and exposed the true nature of the CCP on a less ideological and more of a spiritual level, and has thus brought about a significant spiritual awakening. Once people became aware of the CCP’s true nature and true agenda, they began spreading the Nine Commentaries using every available method. It is little wonder that the CCP has set this publication as the number one object to block; as an example Sydney Dance Company member Wang Xuejun was deported from China last month for carrying three copies of the Nine Commentaries.

This is a totally new phenomenon, and a most effective way to influence freedom of speech—to obtain spiritual freedom first. Before reading the Nine Commentaries, many people did not realise how deeply they had been brainwashed by the Party.

The CCP and its control have met the most severe challenge ever. Once people have awakened from the spiritual control and mental contamination of the CCP, the censorship and terror will no longer work. As more and more people choose to break away from the CCP, the CCP itself and all of its power over people may suddenly and thoroughly collapse, without the world really understanding why and how it has happened.

(http://www.dajiyuan.com)

本文只代表作者的观点和陈述

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